4D Embedded Rotating Black Hole as a Particle Accelerator in the Presence of Magnetic Fields

Abstract

We analyze a rotating black hole (BH) in a four-dimensional space-time embedded in five-dimensional flat bulk. In Boyer–Lindquist coordinates, we use a generic extension of the Kerr metric by the line element of Gürses–Gürsey metric. We discuss their horizon properties and shadow cast which is tailored by the influence of the extrinsic curvature. By means of the model based on the Nash–Greene theorem, we analyze the Gürses–Gürsey metric embedded in five dimensions acting as a rotating “charged” BH which may be regarded as a source of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We also show that this type of BH presents a different structure of the accretion disk which is modified by the extrinsic curvature leading to an enlargement of the photons ring and an increase in the BH’s inner shadow. In the presence of a magnetic field, our initial results suggest that such BHs may be efficient free-test particle accelerators orbiting the inner stable circular orbit (ISCO).

Keywords

• black hole
• Nash–Greene theorem
• gravitational field