Heaviness of Smoking Index versus Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among Current Smokers of Ahmedabad City, India

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this research was to compare Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), high earlysmoking, and heavy smoking with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and further toevaluate the sensitivity of HSI, high early smoking, and heavy smoking among existing smokers.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by using FTND questionnaire among 200 existing smokers. Thecut-off point for HSI was kept at 4; high early smokers and heavy smokers were classified as those individualswho smoked within 30 minutes after waking up and individuals who smoked 30 cigarettes or more daily,respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cohen's Kappa statistics were evaluated.Findings: A significant agreement was observed between the HSI and the FTND, having Kappa value of 0.70,with good sensitivity of 78.16% and specificity as high as 91.15%. The ROC analysis confirmed that a cut-offscore of 4 for HSI was suitable. Agreement between FTND and high early smoking was observed to be moderate(Kappa = 0.47, P < 0.001), while very low agreement (Kappa = 0.19, P < 0.001) was observed for FTND andheavy smoking.Conclusion: Results show that HSI is an effective tool which can be substituted for the conventional FTND bythe clinicians, psychotherapists, and investigators in health research.

Keywords

• tobacco use disorder
• sensitivity and specificity
• tobacco smoking
• screening