Water Supply (Dec 2023)
Operating inlet pressure head assessment for multi-outlet submain manifolds in a low-pressurized water distribution network system
Abstract
Multi-outlet pipes can be used to distribute and collect fluids and have applications in various engineering fields, especially in the water supply system. The hydraulic design of a submain unit pipeline with multiple outlets is a very important concern for the proper hydraulic performance of irrigation water distribution systems. The operating inlet pressure head, H0I, is a main hydraulic component for the proper hydraulically efficient design and evaluation of pressure head distribution along the line. The energy-gradient ratio (EGR) approach is a useful tool to identify first which type of pressure profile occurs for a given uniform design slope with other hydraulic variables initially known and then, comprehensively evaluate its definite hydraulic characteristics along the line. Knowing the hydraulic properties of any type of pressure profile regarded enables the design engineer to evaluate pressure parameters through the line sections in a simple way. The procedure is simplified by regarding the localized head loss along the pipe but neglecting the change in kinetic head. The present analytical technique performs sufficiently accurately in comparison with the computer-aided software design technique, for all performed simulations. HIGHLIGHTS This paper presents a new analytical procedure based on the energy-gradient ratio (EGR) approach, identifying different types of energy head profiles.; The present technique is simple, direct, and sufficiently accurate for a wide range of water application uniformity.; The proposed method offers considerable flexibility by directly computing values of the required hydraulic variables along the energy profile, incorporating different uniformity patterns and without requiring any additional hydraulic variables, such as pipe diameter, total inlet discharge, required average outflow, downstream end pressure head, total friction drop or outlet characteristics.;
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