Ambiência (Dec 2011)
Produção e utilização da silagem de planta inteira de soja (Glicine max) para ruminantes / Production and use of the ensilage of entire soy palnt (Glicine max) for ruminants
Abstract
ResumoObjetivou-se descrever as características quantitativas e qualitativas referentes à cultura da soja (Glicine max), com a finalidade de silagem de planta inteira. No Brasil, a área cultivada de soja na safra de 2010/2011, de acordo com dados da Embrapa (2011) foi de 24,2 milhões de hectares. A irregularidade da ocorrência de chuvas tem inviabilizado economicamente muitas lavouras de soja para a produção de grãos pela diminuição da produtividade e aumento dos custos da produção, possibilitando a utilização da planta inteira de soja como silagem para a alimentação animal. As vantagens da utilização da silagem de planta inteira de soja em comparação a de outras gramíneas como o milho e o sorgo estão nos maiores valores médios encontrados, de 18% proteína bruta, 31% de matéria seca, 32% de fibra em detergente ácido e 41% de fibra em detergente neutro, 23% de extrato etéreo e produtividade média de sete toneladas por hectare, onde a participação de grãos na silagem representa 35%, permitindo que o produtor possa agregar maior valor ao seu produto final e não ficar dependente dos preços alternados do mercado interno na safra e da elevação do preço na entressafra para compra dos subprodutos do processamento da soja, tendo como principal limitação à competição da silagem de soja com a venda dos grãos. Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the quantitative and qualitative characteristics referring to the culture of the soy (Glicine max), with the purpose of ensilage of entire plant. In Brazil, the cultivated area of soy in 2010/2011, according to data by Embrapa (2011) was 24,2 million hectares. The irregularity of the rain occurrence has made impracticable economically many soy crops for the production of grains for the reduction of the productivity and increase of the costs of the production, having made possible the use of the entire plant of soy as ensilage for the animal feeding. The advantages of using ensilage of entire soy plant in comparison to other grassy ones, as the zea and sorghum ones, are the biggest joined average values, of 18% crude protein, 31% of dry substance, 32% of acid detergent fiber and 41% of neutral detergent fiber, 23% of ether extract and average productivity of seven tons per hectare, where the participation of grains in the ensilage represents 35%, allowing the producer to add greater value to its final item and not to be dependent on the alternating prices of domestic market in harvest and on the increase in price during the period between harvests in order to purchase by-products of the soy processing, having as main limitation the competition between soy ensilage and grains sales.AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the quantitative and qualitative characteristics referring to the culture of the soy (Glicine max), with the purpose of ensilage of entire plant. In Brazil, the cultivated area of soy in 2010/2011, according to data by Embrapa (2011) was 24,2 million hectares. The irregularity of the rain occurrence has made impracticable economically many soy crops for the production of grains for the reduction of the productivity and increase of the costs of the production, having made possible the use of the entire plant of soy as ensilage for the animal feeding. The advantages of using ensilage of entire soy plant in comparison to other grassy ones, as the zea and sorghum ones, are the biggest joined average values, of 18% crude protein, 31% of dry substance, 32% of acid detergent fiber and 41% of neutral detergent fiber, 23% of ether extract and average productivity of seven tons per hectare, where the participation of grains in the ensilage represents 35%, allowing the producer to add greater value to its final item and not to be dependent on the alternating prices of domestic market in harvest and on the increase in price during the period between harvests in order to purchase by-products of the soy processing, having as main limitation the competition between soy ensilage and grains sales.
