Scoring System for Differentiation of Complicated Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients: Appendicitis Scoring System in Children

Abstract

Although several scoring systems have been used to differentiate simple acute appendicitis from perforated appendicitis, no particular system has been widely accepted. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate preoperative factors associated with complicated appendicitis and to develop a scoring system that distinguishes complicated appendicitis in children aged <10 years. Patients aged <10 years who underwent surgical treatment for acute appendicitis between 2011 and 2019 were included in this study, after excluding those with insufficient medical records, with other diseases that affect the length of hospitalization, or without formal reports of abdominal computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US). Complicated appendicitis was defined as hospitalization for ≥5 days postoperatively or readmission within 30 days postoperatively. Patient characteristics, symptoms, physical examination, laboratory data, and radiographic results were collected to determine predictors of complicated appendicitis. The mean age of 279 patients was 7.3 years. Among them, 57 patients had complicated appendicitis. A scoring system was developed based on the following 5 independent risk factors derived from multiple logistic regression analysis: body temperature, anorexia, diarrhea, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and presence of periappendiceal free fluid on CT or US. The scoring system resulted in an area under the curve of .898 ( P < .001). For patients aged <10 years, a new model that includes objective factors, such as body temperature, CRP levels, and radiography results, might help predict complicated appendicitis and determine treatment plans.