Cancer Cell International (Aug 2024)

Harnessing exosomes as cancer biomarkers in clinical oncology

  • Subhrojyoti Ghosh,
  • Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran,
  • Atharva A. Mahajan,
  • Ankita Chowdhury,
  • Aishi Bera,
  • Sudeepta Guha,
  • Kashmira Chakraborty,
  • Rajanyaa Chowdhury,
  • Aritra Paul,
  • Shreya Jha,
  • Anuvab Dey,
  • Amit Dubey,
  • Sukhamoy Gorai,
  • Purbasha Das,
  • Chae Moon Hong,
  • Anand Krishnan,
  • Prakash Gangadaran,
  • Byeong-Cheol Ahn

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03464-5
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 24, no. 1
pp. 1 – 26

Abstract

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Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles well known for facilitating cell-to-cell communication by distributing essential macromolecules like proteins, DNA, mRNA, lipids, and miRNA. These vesicles are abundant in fluids distributed throughout the body, including urine, blood, saliva, and even bile. They are important diagnostic tools for breast, lung, gastrointestinal cancers, etc. However, their application as cancer biomarkers has not yet been implemented in most parts of the world. In this review, we discuss how OMICs profiling of exosomes can be practiced by substituting traditional imaging or biopsy methods for cancer detection. Previous methods like extensive imaging and biopsy used for screening were expensive, mostly invasive, and could not easily provide early detection for various types of cancer. Exosomal biomarkers can be utilized for routine screening by simply collecting body fluids from the individual. We anticipate that the use of exosomes will be brought to light by the success of clinical trials investigating their potential to enhance cancer detection and treatment in the upcoming years. Graphical Abstract

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