Infection and Drug Resistance (Jun 2023)
Development and Validation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection, Drug Monitoring, and Education: A Study from Indonesia
Abstract
Mersa Nurain Kausar,1– 4 Efi Fitriana,5 Khairunnisa Khairunnisa,6 Md Omar Faruque,7 Muh Akbar Bahar,8 Sofa D Alfian,1,3 Ivan Surya Pradipta1,3 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Master of Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Drug Utilization and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Occupational Health – Regional Public Hospital, West Java Provincial Government, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Department of General Psychology and Experiment, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 6Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 7Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; 8Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ivan Surya Pradipta, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 842 88888, Fax +62 842 88898, Email [email protected]: Validated and standardized structured questionnaires based on psychometric analysis are extremely limited, particularly for assessing community pharmacy personnel’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in tuberculosis (TB) case detection, drug monitoring, and education. We, therefore, developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the KAP of community pharmacy personnel in TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education.Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. First, we developed the questionnaire, which included framework development, item generation, individual item content validity index (I-CVI), item screening, and pre-testing. Second, we validated the questionnaire with 400 participants using various analyses, including participant analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We determined the reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha and test−retest reliability using Pearson’s correlation.Results: In the development phase, we defined 63 items that comprised 18 sociodemographic, 18 knowledge, 18 attitude, and 9 practice items. Across the 63 items, the I-CVI scores of sociodemographic and KAP items were one each. The CFA model parameter values were X2/df= 2.28; AGFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.99; NNFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.06; and SRMR = 0.03 (p < 0.05 for all). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of KAP items were 0.75, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients of KAP were 0.84, 0.55, and 0.91, respectively (p < 0.01).Conclusion: This study indicates that the developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the KAP of community pharmacy personnel for TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education in Indonesia. Community pharmacy personnel can support TB notification and treatment by assessing their prospective roles in surveys using this questionnaire, enabling TB eradication in 2030.Keywords: development and validation, knowledge attitude and practice, community pharmacy, tuberculosis
