Central Venous Catheter Complications in the Poisoning Emergency Center: A 5-Year Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are used widely in emergency centers, which may be associated with complications. There is a paucity of literature focusing on CVC complications, specifically in the poisoning emergency centers. In this study, we determined the frequency of CVC complications in patients with acute poisoning. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in the poisoning referral center. We reviewed the medical records of patients with acute poisoning who underwent CVC at the time of admission/during hospitalization in the poisoning intensive care unit or poisoning ward and were hospitalized between 2014 and 2019. Results: During the study period, 33, l37 patients with acute poisoning had been admitted and CVC was placed for 400 patients (1.20% of total patients). Most of the CVCs had been placed via femoral (51%) (204 cases). The frequency of CVC complications was 13.75%. The CVC in the internal jugular (IJ) vein was associated with a higher complication (20.7%) (P value 0.02). Infection (9.2%) and pneumothorax (9.2%) were more observed with the IJ approach, while arterial puncture was more observed with subclavian (3.7%) (P value < 0.0001). Conclusions: The frequency of CVC placement in acute poisoning patients was not noticeable. Although the femoral vein was the most commonly used approach in our institution, overall complications were more observed with the IJ vein approach.

Keywords

• central venous catheter
• complications
• intensive care unit
• poisoning