Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Jun 2020)

Synergistic Association of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 on the Risk of Abnormal Glucose Regulation

  • Cheng YC,
  • Li YH,
  • Hsu CY,
  • Lee IT

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 13
pp. 1933 – 1942

Abstract

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Yu-Cheng Cheng,1 Yu-Hsuan Li,1,2 Chiann-Yi Hsu,3 I-Te Lee1,4– 6 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Biostatistics Task Force of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 4School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 6College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, TaiwanCorrespondence: I-Te Lee Email [email protected]: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are tumor-associated antigens. An increased serum level of CEA and CA19-9 separately has been reported in diabetes. In this study, we examined the composite effect of elevated serum levels of both CEA and CA19-9 on subjects with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.Patients and Methods: A total of 3568 adults who attended a health examination were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Subjects were grouped into four groups according to the median serum CEA and CA19-9 levels.Results: Subjects with high CEA and high CA19-9 levels had the highest proportions of diabetes (43.9%) and prediabetes (33.04%). There was a statistically significant trend in the proportion of diabetes across the four groups (P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed higher risks of type 2 diabetes in subjects with high CEA and low CA19-9 levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39– 3.18, P < 0.001) and in those with high CA19-9 and low CEA levels (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.42– 3.34, P < 0.001) than in those with low CEA and low CA19-9 levels; among these four groups, the highest risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in subjects with high CEA and high CA19-9 levels (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.81– 3.88, P < 0.001). The risk of prediabetes was significantly higher only in subjects with high CEA and high CA19-9 levels compared to those with low CEA and low CA19-9 levels (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08– 1.61, P = 0.006).Conclusion: CEA and CA19-9 had a synergistic ability to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.Keywords: CA19-9, CEA, diabetes, prediabetes, tumor marker

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