Are the washout values currently accepted for lesion characterization in dedicated adrenal CT adequate for diagnosis?

Abstract

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the accuracy of density characteristics and washout values of lesions detected on computed tomography (CT) at the cutoff values obtained from the literature by taking the pathological results of adrenalectomy specimens as reference and to determine the cutoff values of parameters evaluated on CT for the differentiation of adenoma and nonadenoma lesions in the study group.METHODSHospital records and standard CT imaging data (noncontrast early phase [65 s] and late phase [15 min] ) of 84 patients with 87 lesions who underwent adrenalectomy between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively reevaluated by two radiologists in consensus. The patients were categorized as having adenoma and nonadenoma lesions according to the pathology results. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CT parameters (density values and washout percentages) were evaluated. Differences in the CT parameters (size, noncontrast and early-late enhancement density and absolute and relative washout values) were investigated. The optimal cutoff values of CT parameters were determined by ROC analysis.RESULTSNoncontrast CT had a specificity of 87.75% and 95.9%, sensitivity of 60% and 48.6%, diagnostic accuracy of 77.7% and 89.47% for adenomas, at the cutoff values of ≤10 HU and ≤0 HU, respectively. For absolute washout value ≥ 60%, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 64.7%, 52.38% and 56.75%, respectively; while these rates were 76.47%, 56.52% and 62.16%, respectively, for relative washout value ≥40%. Adenomas and nonadenomas showed significant difference in terms of size (p < 0.0001), unenhanced attenuation (p < 0.0001), relative washout (p = 0.020) and delay enhancement (p < 0.001). But there were no differences in terms of absolute washout (p = 0.230) and early enhancement (p = 0.264). The cutoff values for the differentiation of adenomas and nonadenomas were as follows: size ≤44 mm, noncontrast density <20 HU, early-phase density ≥45 HU, delayed-phase density ≤44 HU, absolute washout 74.83% and relative washout 57.76%.CONCLUSIONThe current washout criteria used in the differentiation of adenoma and nonadenoma lesions in dynamic CT imaging can give false negative and positive results. According to the existing criteria, the most reliable parameter in adenoma–nonadenoma differentiation is ≤ 0 HU noncontrast CT density value.