Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism causes alteration of the REDOX environment, oxidative stress, and hepatic damage; events not caused by hypothyroidism itself

Abstract

Our objective was to compare, over a time-course, markers of oxidative stress, the REDOX environment, and the antioxidant enzymatic system in the liver of rats with methimazole-or thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism.Methods. We used 60 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: 1) the euthyroid, which received only tap water, 2) false thyroidectomy, which received the surgery and postoperative treatment, 3) thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism, which had the thyroid gland removed and a parathyroid reimplant, and 4) methimazole-caused hypothyroidism in rats that received 60 mg/kg/d of the antithyroid drug in drinking water. Five rats of the euthyroid and methimazole-caused hypothyroidism groups were killed at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth week after treatment, and five rats of false thyroidectomy and thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism groups were killed at the end of the second and eighth week after the surgical procedure. Each liver was removed and stored at-70 °C until oxidative stress, REDOX environment, and antioxidant enzymatic system markers were tested. We also made a histological study at the end of the treatment.Results. The histological study revealed that only the methimazole-caused hypothyroidism caused cell damage. This damage is associated with an increase of oxidative stress markers that were not compensated for by the antioxidant system. The catalase activity is reduced and this allows H2O2-caused damage. In conclusion methimazole causes cell damage in the liver, whereas hypothyroidism per se does not cause hepatic-cell damage.

Keywords

• Antioxidant systems
• Antithyroid drug
• Liver
• Reactive oxygen species
• Thyroidectomy
• Thyroid gland