Findings and methodologies in oral phageome research: a systematic review

Abstract

Background The oral microbiome serves as both an indicator and a mediator of oral health. Evidence indicates that bacteriophages (phages) are widely present in the oral microbiome and exhibit diverse classifications and interactions with human cells and other microbes. These phages constitute the oral phageome, which potentially exerts significant yet unexplored effects on the interplay between oral and general health.Methods Three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) were searched for metagenomic analyses that investigated the oral phageome. Eligible studies were synthesized based on their methodological approaches and findings.Results A total of 14 articles were included in this systematic review. Among the 14 articles included, there were six studies that discussed disease-related alterations, along with a discursive examination of additional variables such as sampling niches, external interventions and methodologies. The phages that infect Streptococcus Actinomyces Haemophilus, and Veillonella have been discovered to be associated with chronic periodontitis, caries, and pancreatic ductal carcinoma.Conclusions This systematic review focuses on findings and methodologies in oral phageome studies, which were conducted using highly heterogeneous methodologies that explored the oral phageome in multiple directions while placing constraints on quantitative statistics. Combining different kinds of sample types, utilizing the characteristics of different methods, involving both DNA and RNA phages, and differentiating lysogenic and lytic phages should be the distinction of further studies.

Keywords

• Oral
• phageome
• methodology
• metagenomics
• bioinformatics