Language and cultural bias in AI: comparing the performance of large language models developed in different countries on Traditional Chinese Medicine highlights the need for localized models

• Lingxuan Zhu,
• Weiming Mou,
• Yancheng Lai,
• Junda Lin,
• Peng Luo

Affiliations

Lingxuan Zhu

Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University

Weiming Mou

Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Yancheng Lai

Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University

Junda Lin

Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University

Peng Luo

Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University