Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Recent advance progress of HL-3 experiments
- X.R. Duan,
- M. Xu,
- W.L. Zhong,
- X.Q. Ji,
- W. Chen,
- Z.B. Shi,
- X.L. Liu,
- B. Lu,
- B. Li,
- Y.Q. Wang,
- J.Q. Li,
- G.Y. Zheng,
- Yong Liu,
- Q.W. Yang,
- L.W. Yan,
- L.J. Cai,
- Q. Li,
- Y. Liu,
- X.Y. Bai,
- Z. Cao,
- X. Chen,
- H.T. Chen,
- Y.H. Chen,
- G.Q. Dong,
- H.L. Du,
- D.M. Fan,
- J.M. Gao,
- S.F. Geng,
- G.Z. Hao,
- H.M. He,
- M. Huang,
- M. Jiang,
- R. Ke,
- A.S. Liang,
- J.X. Li,
- Qing Li,
- Yongge Li,
- L.C. Li,
- H.J. Li,
- W.B. Li,
- D.Q. Liu,
- T. Long,
- L.F. Lu,
- L. Nie,
- P.W. Shi,
- J.F. Peng,
- A.P. Sun,
- T.F. Sun,
- R.H. Tong,
- H.L. Wei,
- S. Wang,
- G.L. Xiao,
- X.P. Xiao,
- L. Xue,
- H.B. Xu,
- Z.Y. Yang,
- D.L. Yu,
- L.M. Yu,
- Y.P. Zhang,
- X. Zheng,
- L. Zhang,
- Y. Zhang,
- F. Zhang,
- X.L. Zhang,
- HL-3 Team & Collaborators
Affiliations
- X.R. Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- M. Xu
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- W.L. Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X.Q. Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- W. Chen
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Z.B. Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X.L. Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- B. Lu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- B. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Y.Q. Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- J.Q. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- G.Y. Zheng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Yong Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Q.W. Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L.W. Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L.J. Cai
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Q. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Y. Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X.Y. Bai
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Z. Cao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X. Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.T. Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Y.H. Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- G.Q. Dong
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.L. Du
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- D.M. Fan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- J.M. Gao
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- S.F. Geng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- G.Z. Hao
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.M. He
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- M. Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- M. Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- R. Ke
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- A.S. Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- J.X. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Qing Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Yongge Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L.C. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.J. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- W.B. Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- D.Q. Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- T. Long
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L.F. Lu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L. Nie
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- P.W. Shi
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- J.F. Peng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- A.P. Sun
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- T.F. Sun
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- R.H. Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.L. Wei
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- S. Wang
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- G.L. Xiao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X.P. Xiao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L. Xue
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- H.B. Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Z.Y. Yang
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- D.L. Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L.M. Yu
- ORCiD
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Y.P. Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X. Zheng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- L. Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Y. Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- F. Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- X.L. Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- HL-3 Team & Collaborators
- CEA, IRFM F- 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Department of Physics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, United States of America; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China; Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China; National Institute for Fusion Science , 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi 509-5292, Japan; General Atomics , PO Box, San Diego, CA 85608, United States of America; University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, United States of America; Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, China; University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China; Center for Nonlinear Plasma Science and ENEA C. R. Frascati , Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy; University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, United States of America; Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China; University of South China , Hengyang 421001, China; Peking University , Beijing 100871, China; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton, NJ, United States of America; Durham University , Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad6e9e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 64,
no. 11
p. 112021
Abstract
Since the first plasma realized in 2020, a series of key systems on HL-3 (known as HL-2M before) tokamak have been equipped/upgraded, including in-vessel components (the first wall, lower divertor, and toroidal cryogenic/water-cooling/baking/glow discharge systems, etc.), auxiliary heating system of 11 MW, and 28 diagnostic systems (to measure the plasma density, electron temperature, radiation, magnetic field, etc.). Magnet field systems were commissioned firstly for divertor plasma discharges. During the 2nd experimental campaign of HL-3 tokamak, several great progresses have been achieved. Firstly, the successful operation with plasma current larger than 1 MA was achieved under a divertor configuration. Secondly, the advanced divertor concept with two distinct snowflake configurations was realized. It is found that the distribution of ion saturation current and heat flux on bottom plate becomes wide due to magnetic surface expansion, demonstrating the advantage of such configuration in the heat flux mitigation. In addition, using the combination of NBI, ECRH and LHCD, the standard sawtoothing high confinement mode of megampere plasma was firstly accessed on the HL-3. The successful commissioning of HL-3 is beneficial for the initial operation of ITER.
Keywords
