Electric Vehicle Energy Management: Charging in Sustainable Urban Settings for Smart Cities

Abstract

The evolution of smart cities has ushered in a new era of sustainable urban living, with energy management at its core. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the energy-related planning and operational models within the smart city framework, categorizing them into five primary intervention areas: generation, storage, infrastructure, facilities, and transport. The intricate relationship between smart cities and electric vehicles (EVs) is explored, emphasizing the need for robust charging infrastructures and forecasting peak loads. As the adoption of EVs surges, challenges such as power grid strain, voltage fluctuations, and power losses become more pronounced. Innovative solutions leveraging machine learning, including techniques like LSTM, DNN, and SVM, have been proposed to manage EV charging, ensuring efficiency and minimizing costs. Furthermore, the integration of EVs into smart cities is not without its challenges. Beyond the technical aspects, economic, social, and environmental challenges arise, necessitating a holistic approach for seamless integration. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted strategy, encompassing all aspects of EV integration, to realize the vision of truly sustainable and smart urban centres.