Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review

Emmanuel Pinto; Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey; Patrick Boakye; Gershon Amenuvor; Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam; Michael Kwadwo Fokuo; Hassan Karimaie; Kwame Sarkodie; Caspar Daniel Adenutsi; Samuel Erzuah; Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson

Scientific African (Mar 2022)

Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review

Emmanuel Pinto,
Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey,
Patrick Boakye,
Gershon Amenuvor,
Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam,
Michael Kwadwo Fokuo,
Hassan Karimaie,
Kwame Sarkodie,
Caspar Daniel Adenutsi,
Samuel Erzuah,
Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson

Affiliations

Emmanuel Pinto: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Patrick Boakye: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Gershon Amenuvor: Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Michael Kwadwo Fokuo: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Hassan Karimaie: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Kwame Sarkodie: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Caspar Daniel Adenutsi: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Corresponding author.
Samuel Erzuah: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana
Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 15
p. e01078

Abstract

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Many physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic treatments have been used to open the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, separate its components and obtain cellulose. The alkaline-bleaching treatment is most preferred in terms of reagent availability. In terms of cellulose yield and quality, however, there are inconsistencies with the alkaline-bleaching treatment. Similarly, the optimum conditions for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) synthesis from cellulose mercerization and etherification are vague. This review paper investigates and compares the various conditions applied in CMC synthesis and recommends efficient processes and optimal conditions for increasing CMC yield and quality. Recommended mercerization parameters are 25–30% (w/v) NaOH, 1–1.5 h and 25–28 °C. Recommended etherification parameters are 1.2 g chloroacetic acid (CAA) or sodium chloroacetate (SCA)/g cellulose, 3–3.5 h and 50–55 °C. The source material and extraction process determines the quality of the cellulose produced. Therefore, identifying the most efficient methods and underlying conditions for various cellulose sources is important.

Published in Scientific African

ISSN: 2468-2276 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/scientific-african

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