SAGE Open (Jan 2014)

A Global Look at Time

  • Anna Sircova,
  • Fons J. R. van de Vijver,
  • Evgeny Osin,
  • Taciano L. Milfont,
  • Nicolas Fieulaine,
  • Altinay Kislali-Erginbilgic,
  • Philip G. Zimbardo,
  • ,
  • Slimane Djarallah,
  • Mohamed Seghir Chorfi,
  • Umbelina do Rego Leite,
  • Hui Lin,
  • Houchao Lv,
  • Tomislav Bunjevac,
  • Tena Tomaš,
  • Jasmina Punek,
  • Anica Vrlec,
  • Jelena Matić,
  • Marko Bokulić,
  • Martina Klicperová-Baker,
  • Jaroslav Koštʹ ál,
  • Riin Seema,
  • Arno Baltin,
  • Themistoklis Apostolidis,
  • Daphne Pediaditakis,
  • Fay Griva,
  • Fotios Anagnostopoulos,
  • Nurit Carmi,
  • Marina Goroshit,
  • Martina Peri,
  • Yumi Shimojima,
  • Koichi Sato,
  • Keita Ochi,
  • Antanas Kairys,
  • Audrone Liniauskaite,
  • Víctor Corral-Verdugo,
  • Aneta Przepiorka,
  • Agata Blachnio,
  • Victor E. C. Ortuño,
  • Vítor Gamboa,
  • Olga Mitina,
  • Nadezhda Semyenova,
  • Valentina Gerasimova,
  • Tatiana Rawski (Nepryakho),
  • Ekaterina Kuleshova,
  • Natalia Polskaya,
  • Nikolaj Tulinov,
  • Isabella Romanko,
  • Yulia Semina,
  • Ekaterina Nikitina,
  • Vera Yasnaya,
  • Irina Davydova,
  • Elsa Utyasheva,
  • Irina Emeliyanova,
  • Regina Ershova,
  • Jasmina Nedeljkovic,
  • Juan Francisco Díaz Morales,
  • Maria Grazia Carelli,
  • Britt Wiberg,
  • Ilona Boniwell,
  • P. Alex Linley,
  • John Nathan Boyd

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013515686
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 4

Abstract

Read online

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries ( N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.