Automatic Evaluation of Piano Performances for STEAM Education

Abstract

Music plays an important part in the lives of people from an early age. Many parents invest in music education of various types for their children as arts and music are of economic importance. This leads to a new trend that the STEAM education system draws more and more attention from the STEM education system that has been developed over several years. For example, parents let their children listen to music since they were in the womb and invest their money in studying music at an early age, especially for playing and learning musical instruments. As far as education is concerned, assessment for music performances should be standardized, not based on the individual teacher’s standard. Thus, in this study, automatic assessment methods for piano performances were developed. Two types of piano articulation were taken into account, namely “Legato” with vibration notes using sustain pedals and “Staccato” with detached notes without the use of sustain pedals. For each type, piano sounds were analyzed and classified into “Good”, “Normal”, and “Bad” categories. The study investigated four approaches for this task: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The experiments were conducted using 4680 test samples, including isolated scale notes and kids’ songs, produced by 13 performers. The results show that the CNN approach is superior to the other approaches, with a classification accuracy of more than eighty percent.

Keywords

• piano
• performance assessment
• Convolutional Neural Network
• Legato
• Staccato