Padrões alimentares de mulheres adultas residentes em área urbana no sul do Brasil Dietary patterns of adult women living in an urban area of Southern Brazil

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Explorar a existência de padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas e fornecer dados para validação do instrumento utilizado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 1.026 mulheres adultas (20 a 60 anos de idade), residentes na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, 2003. O instrumento utilizado para explorar os padrões alimentares foi o Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar, constituído de 70 itens. Para a identificação dos padrões alimentares utilizou-se a análise fatorial de componentes principais. RESULTADOS: O índice de confiança da análise fatorial foi verificado por meio do determinante da matriz de correlação (6,28-4), da medida de adequação amostral (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin=0,823) e do teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (chi²(1225)=7406,39; pOBJECTIVE: To explore the dietary patterns of adult women and to provide information for validating the instrument used. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sampling of 1,026 women aged 20 to 60 years living in Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. A 70-item food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. RESULTS: The reliability of factor analysis was assessed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic, that was equal to 0.823, the Bartlett test of sphericity, which reached statistical significance (chi²(1225)=7406.39; p<0.001), and the determinant of the correlation matrix (6,28-4). Five dietary patterns were identified, each one consisting of 10 items (foods), which were grouped as healthy food pattern cost 1, healthy food pattern cost 2, healthy food pattern cost 3, risk food pattern cost 1 and risk food pattern cost 3. CONCLUSIONS: There were identified five dietary patterns among adult women. There was a clear difference in terms of the cost of these patterns. These findings suggest that cost may be one of the determinants of food choice and food intake in this population.

Keywords

• Padrões alimentares
• Mulheres
• Inquéritos alimentares
• Análise fatorial
• Estudos transversais
• Dietary patterns
• Women
• Diet surveys
• Factor analysis, statistics
• Cross-sectional studies