Clinical and imaging features of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in infants

Yuanjun Hu; Dan Song; Changhua Wu; Liang Wang; Jing Li; Lei Guo

Heliyon (May 2023)

Clinical and imaging features of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in infants

Yuanjun Hu,
Dan Song,
Changhua Wu,
Liang Wang,
Jing Li,
Lei Guo

Affiliations

Yuanjun Hu: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong, University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
Dan Song: Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Jinan Children's, Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
Changhua Wu: Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Jinan Children's, Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
Liang Wang: Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Jinan Children's, Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
Jing Li: Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Jinan Children's, Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
Lei Guo: Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Jinan Children's, Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China; Corresponding author. Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Children's, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 5
p. e15425

Abstract

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Objective: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive tumor of vascular origin. This study investigated the clinical and imaging features of KHE to provide a reference for its early diagnosis. Methods: The clinical and imaging findings of 27 clinically confirmed KHE cases (including 21 with focal lesions and 6 with diffuse lesions) between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 27 patients was 105 ± 80.27 days. Twenty-two (81.5%) of these patients had Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. Most KHEs were located in the trunk and/or extremities (22/27). Ultrasonography showed heterogeneous echogenicity and/or striated hypoechoic bands with abundant or patchy blood flow within the tumor. On plain computed tomography (CT), they appeared as heterogeneous lesions isodense with the muscles, with a CT value of 29.58 ± 11.53 HU. In the arterial phase, the KHEs showed striated or lamellar heterogeneous enhancement, with a CT value of 153.91 ± 52.11 HU after enhancement. All KHEs showed uneven and high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, mixed high and low signal intensity on fat-saturated images, and no significant diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted imaging. Conclusion: KHEs can occur in various locations and present as highly infiltrative and heterogeneous masses that can invade the skin, adjacent muscles, and bones. A vascularized mass with purpuric skin changes, with uneven and high T2WI signal is highly suggestive of the diagnosis of KHE.

Published in Heliyon

ISSN: 2405-8440 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Science (General); Social Sciences: Social sciences (General)
Website: https://www.cell.com/heliyon/home

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