Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (Jul 2021)
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Among COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pediatric Pneumonias: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
- Zhongwei Jia,
- Zhongwei Jia,
- Zhongwei Jia,
- Xiangyu Yan,
- Xiangyu Yan,
- Xiangyu Yan,
- Liwei Gao,
- Liwei Gao,
- Shenggang Ding,
- Yan Bai,
- Yuejie Zheng,
- Yuxia Cui,
- Xianfeng Wang,
- Jingfeng Li,
- Gen Lu,
- Yi Xu,
- Xiangyu Zhang,
- Xiangyu Zhang,
- Xiangyu Zhang,
- Junhua Li,
- Ning Chen,
- Yunxiao Shang,
- Mingfeng Han,
- Jun Liu,
- Hourong Zhou,
- Hourong Zhou,
- Cen Li,
- Wanqiu Lu,
- Jun Liu,
- Jun Liu,
- Lina Wang,
- Lina Wang,
- Qihong Fan,
- Jiang Wu,
- Hanling Shen,
- Rong Jiao,
- Chunxi Chen,
- Xiaoling Gao,
- Maoqiang Tian,
- Wei Lu,
- Yonghong Yang,
- Yonghong Yang,
- Gary Wing-Kin Wong,
- Tianyou Wang,
- Runming Jin,
- Adong Shen,
- Baoping Xu,
- Baoping Xu,
- Kunling Shen
Affiliations
- Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Zhongwei Jia
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Zhongwei Jia
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xiangyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xiangyu Yan
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xiangyu Yan
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Liwei Gao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liwei Gao
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenggang Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Yan Bai
- Pediatric Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science And Technology, Hubei, China
- Yuejie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- Xianfeng Wang
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Jingfeng Li
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
- Gen Lu
- 2Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yi Xu
- 2Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Junhua Li
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, China
- Ning Chen
- 4Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
- Yunxiao Shang
- 4Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
- Mingfeng Han
- 5Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui, China
- Jun Liu
- 6Department of Pediatrics, The People Hospital of Bozhou, Anhui, China
- Hourong Zhou
- 7Department of General Practice, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Hourong Zhou
- 8Office of Academic Research, Jiangjunshan Hospital, Guizhou, China
- Cen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- Wanqiu Lu
- 9Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Jun Liu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jun Liu
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lina Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lina Wang
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qihong Fan
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, China
- Jiang Wu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huangshi, China
- Hanling Shen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Suizhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Suizhou, China
- Rong Jiao
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang First People’s Hospital, Xiangyang, China
- Chunxi Chen
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Xishui People’s Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Xiaoling Gao
- 5Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Tuanfeng County, Huanggang, China
- Maoqiang Tian
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Tongren People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
- Wei Lu
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Yonghong Yang
- 8Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Yonghong Yang
- 9Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- 0Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Tianyou Wang
- 1Center of Hematologic Oncology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Runming Jin
- Pediatric Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science And Technology, Hubei, China
- Adong Shen
- 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Baoping Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Baoping Xu
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Kunling Shen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.663884
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11
Abstract
BackgroundThe pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brings new challenges for pediatricians, especially in the differentiation with non-COVID-19 pneumonia in the peak season of pneumonia. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory pathogens infected pneumonias.MethodsWe conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study of pediatric inpatients in China. Based on pathogenic test results, pediatric patients were divided into three groups, including COVID-19 pneumonia group, Non-COVID-19 viral (NCV) pneumonia group and Non-viral (NV) pneumonia group. Their clinical characteristics were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test or chi-square test.ResultsA total of 636 pediatric pneumonia inpatients, among which 87 in COVID-19 group, 194 in NCV group, and 355 in NV group, were included in analysis. Compared with NCV and NV patients, COVID-19 patients were older (median age 6.33, IQR 2.00-12.00 years), and relatively fewer COVID-19 patients presented fever (63.2%), cough (60.9%), shortness of breath (1.1%), and abnormal pulmonary auscultation (18.4%). The results were verified by the comparison of COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A (IFA) pneumonia patients. Approximately 42.5%, 44.8%, and 12.6% of the COVID-19 patients presented simply ground-glass opacity (GGO), simply consolidation, and the both changes on computed tomography (CT) scans, respectively; the proportions were similar as those in NCV and NV group (p>0.05). Only 47.1% of COVID-19 patients had both lungs pneumonia, which was significantly lower than that proportion of nearly 80% in the other two groups. COVID-19 patients presented lower proportions of increased white blood cell count (16.5%) and abnormal procalcitonin (PCT) (10.7%), and a higher proportion of decreased lymphocyte count (44.0%) compared with the other two groups.ConclusionMajority clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia patients were milder than non-COVID-19 patients. However, lymphocytopenia remained a prominent feature of COVID-19 pediatric pneumonia.
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