Assessment of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene with the risk of obstetric complications

Abstract

Aim – to determine the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene with the risk of obstetric complications. Materials and methods. A total of 97 women with normal prepregnancy weight, singleton pregnancy, delivery at 37 weeks or more and without chronic diseases with follow-up of pregnancy and 1 year after delivery at antenatal clinics. Anthropometry, determination of body fat percentage (BF %) by spectral bioimpedansometry method, Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ gene using the polymerase chain reaction were performed. Statistical analyses were carried out using Microsoft Excel-based statistical analysis package. Results. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was diagnosed 1.6 times higher in women with PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism, than in those with the Pro/Pro genotype (P < 0.05). In the group of women with an excessive weight gain, the number of Ala-allele carriers was 2.6 times (OR 3.2, 95 % CI 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) higher than among subjects with recommended weight gain. PPAR-γ Ala12 carriers had 1.3 times greater BF % compared to homozygous Pro-carriers (P < 0.05). One year postpartum, Ala12-allele patients had body weight and body mass index (BMI) 1.3 (P < 0.05) and 1.2 (P < 0.05) times higher, respectively, compared to Pro/Pro genotype women. The presence of Pro12Ala polymorphism 1.8 times (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.3–7.7; P < 0.05) increased the risk of postpartum weight retention. It has been found, that in women with Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene, the risk of preterm delivery was increased by 2.7 times (OR 3.7, 95 % CI, 1.3–10.5, P < 0.05), placental dysfunction – by 2.1 times (OR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.4–9.4, P < 0.05), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) – by 2.7 times (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.3–10.5, P < 0.05), preeclampsia – by 2.0 times (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.1–7.2, P < 0.05), polyhydramnios – by 3,3 times (OR 4.2, 95 % CI, 1.3–13.5, P < 0.05), oligohydramnios – by 2.8 times (OR 3.5, 95 % CI, 1.1–11.0, P < 0.05) as compared to Pro/Pro genotype carriers. Conclusions. The failure of metabolic and angiogenic adaptive processes during pregnancy with proven altered gene potential, can serve as a biological marker for the mother's genotype and an increased risk of genetic predisposition to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases development after delivery.

Keywords

• Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene
• weight gain
• placental insufficiency