Preventive Efficacy of Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine (Population Aspects)

Abstract

Relevance. Pneumococcal disease remains an urgent public health problem, despite mass immunization of infants and young children. The impact of children’s universal vaccination on the morbidity and etiological structure in various clinical forms of infection remains unclear in children and adults. Аim. Тo evaluate the herd effect of children’s mass immunization with a 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Materials and Methods. The prophylactic efficacy of mass vaccination is studied within comparative retrospective epidemiological analysis of incidence rates and etiological structure of bacterial meningitis, ear diseases and mastoiditis, and community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults of Krasnoyarsk region in the pre- and post-vaccination periods, according to the official statistics and microbiological monitoring. Results. The changes in decrease of incidence rates with all clinical forms of pneumococcal infection except community-acquired pneumonia are revealed both in children and adults during mass immunization. Etiological structure changes and also changes of S. pneumoniae serotype distribution are detected in major clinical forms of infection. Conclusion. Reducing the incidence rates in children is determined predominantly by vaccinal prevention. The observed decrease of incidence rates in adults is the result of reducing the number of pneumococcal infection sources among children (herd immunity).

Keywords

• streptococcus pneumoniae
• pneumococcal disease
• incidence
• conjugated vaccines
• mass immunization
• herd effect