Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición (May 2004)
Influencia de la ingesta de calcio y fósforo sobre la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres jóvenes
Abstract
La masa ósea alcanzada durante la juventud en la población femenina resulta importante por la mayor susceptibilidad de este grupo de población de padecer osteoporosis. Con el objeto de conocer la relación entre ingesta de calcio, fósforo y productos lácteos y la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) se estudiaron 87 mujeres de la Comunidad de Madrid con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años. El consumo de lácteos y la ingesta de calcio y fósforo se valoró aplicando un Cuestionario de Registro de Consumo de Alimentos durante 3 días. La DMO se determinó mediante densitometría fotónica doble en la zona lumbar, cadera y antebrazo derecho. La ingesta media de calcio (802.1±258.7 mg/día) resultó inferior a la recomendada en el 45% de las mujeres; observándose una correlación lineal positiva entre consumo de calcio y DMO en cuello femoral (r=0.23) y trocánter mayor (r=0.24) (p 0.74 están relacionados con una mejor DMO en mujeres jóvenes; siendo la leche el producto lácteo que presenta una mayor asociación con la salud ósea.The threat of osteoporosis in later life means that the bone mass women achieve during their youth is important. Eighty seven women aged 18-35 y form the Madrid region were studied to determine the relationship between their calcium, phosphorus and milk product intakes and bone mineral density (BMD). Intakes of these items were moniroed using a three day food intake record. BMD was measured by double photonic densitometry of the lumbar region, hip and right forearm. Mean calcium intake calcio (802.1±258.7 mg/día) was less than that recommended for 45% of women. A linear, positive correlation was seen between calcium intake and BMD at the hip (r=0.23) and greater trochanter (r=0.24) (p1000 mg/day had greater hip BMDs than those whose intake was below this level (0.97±0.11 g/cm² compared to 0.90±0.10 g/cm²). Similar results were seen for the femur head and greater trochanter in subjects whose Ca/P ratio was >0.74 (50th percentile). In addition, an intake of more than two rations of milk per day was optimum for achieving adequate bone mass in different areas of the hip. These results show that greater calcium consumption and a Ca/P ratio of > 0.74 are associated with better BMD values in young women, and that milk is the lactic product best associated with good bone health.
