Structural and Functional Changes in Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy

Amir Akhavanrezayat; Anadi Khatri; Neil Gregory L. Onghanseng; Muhammad Sohail Halim; Christopher Or; Nripun Sredar; Moataz Razeen; Murat Hasanreisoglu; Jonathan Regenold; Zheng Xian Thng; S. Saeed Mohammadi; Tanya Jain; Negin Yavari; Vahid Bazojoo; Ankur Sudhir Gupta; Azadeh Mobasserian; Cigdem Yasar; Ngoc Trong Tuong Than; Gunay Uludag Kirimli; Irmak Karaca; Yong-Un Shin; Woong-Sun Yoo; Hashem Ghoraba; Diana V. Do; Alfredo Dubra; Quan Dong Nguyen

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13213376

Diagnostics (Nov 2023)

Structural and Functional Changes in Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy

Amir Akhavanrezayat,
Anadi Khatri,
Neil Gregory L. Onghanseng,
Muhammad Sohail Halim,
Christopher Or,
Nripun Sredar,
Moataz Razeen,
Murat Hasanreisoglu,
Jonathan Regenold,
Zheng Xian Thng,
S. Saeed Mohammadi,
Tanya Jain,
Negin Yavari,
Vahid Bazojoo,
Ankur Sudhir Gupta,
Azadeh Mobasserian,
Cigdem Yasar,
Ngoc Trong Tuong Than,
Gunay Uludag Kirimli,
Irmak Karaca,
Yong-Un Shin,
Woong-Sun Yoo,
Hashem Ghoraba,
Diana V. Do,
Alfredo Dubra,
Quan Dong Nguyen

Affiliations

Amir Akhavanrezayat: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Anadi Khatri: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Neil Gregory L. Onghanseng: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Muhammad Sohail Halim: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Christopher Or: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Nripun Sredar: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Moataz Razeen: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Murat Hasanreisoglu: Department of Ophthalmology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
Jonathan Regenold: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Zheng Xian Thng: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
S. Saeed Mohammadi: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Tanya Jain: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Negin Yavari: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Vahid Bazojoo: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Ankur Sudhir Gupta: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Azadeh Mobasserian: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Cigdem Yasar: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Ngoc Trong Tuong Than: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Gunay Uludag Kirimli: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Irmak Karaca: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Yong-Un Shin: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Woong-Sun Yoo: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Hashem Ghoraba: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Diana V. Do: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Alfredo Dubra: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
Quan Dong Nguyen: Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213376
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 13, no. 21
p. 3376

Abstract

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Background: To describe longitudinal changes in patients with non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) by utilizing different diagnostic modalities/tests. Methods: The index study is a retrospective longitudinal review of sixteen eyes of eight patients from a tertiary care eye hospital diagnosed with npAIR. Multiple diagnostic modalities such as wide-angle fundus photography (WAFP), WA fundus autofluorescence (WAFAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), Goldmann visual field (GVF) perimetry, microperimetry (MP), electrophysiologic testing, and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) were reviewed and analyzed. Results: At the baseline visits, anomalies were detected by multimodal diagnostic tests on all patients. Subjects were followed up for a median duration of 11.5 [3.0–18.7] months. Structural changes at the baseline were detected in 14 of 16 (87.5%) eyes on WAFP and WAFAF and 13 of 16 (81.2%) eyes on SD-OCT. Eight of the ten (80%) eyes that underwent AOSLO imaging depicted structural changes. Functional changes were detected in 14 of 16 (87.5%) eyes on GVF, 15 of 16 (93.7%) eyes on MP, and 11 of 16 (68.7%) eyes on full-field electroretinogram (ff-ERG). Multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) tests were performed in 14 eyes, of which 12 (85.7%) and 14 (100%) of the eyes demonstrated functional abnormalities, respectively, at baseline. Compared to all the other structural diagnostic tools, AOSLO had a better ability to demonstrate deterioration in retinal microstructures occurring at follow-ups. Functional deterioration at follow-up was detected on GVF in 8 of 10 (80%) eyes, mf-ERG in 4 of 8 (50%) eyes, and MP in 7 of 16 (43.7%) eyes. The ff-ERG and VEP were stable in the majority of cases at follow-up. Conclusions: The utilization of multimodal imaging/tests in the diagnosing and monitoring of npAIR patients can aid in identifying anomalous changes over time. Analysis of both the anatomical and functional aspects by these devices can be supportive of detecting the changes early in such patients. AOSLO shows promise as it enables the capture of high-resolution images demonstrating quantifiable changes to retinal microstructure.

Published in Diagnostics

ISSN: 2075-4418 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Medicine (General)
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics

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