Advance in study on influencing factors, evaluation and intervention of subjective cognitive decline

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered as the pre-clinical stage of AD. Early identification and intervention of SCD play an important role in preventing and delaying the occurrence and development of AD. This article reviews the research progress of influencing factors, evaluation and intervention of SCD. In terms of demographic factors, age, marriage and years of education all affect the occurrence and development of SCD. In our daily habits, swallowing and mastication, sleep, anxiety and depression, exercise and social/emotional support all affected subjective cognition. In addition, some chronic diseases, such as oral diseases, chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases, play a driving role in the occurrence and development of SCD diseases to varying degrees. The methods of screening and evaluation of SCD mainly include imaging examination, humoral marker examination and neuropsychological examination. Imaging examination provides objective data for the screening and evaluation of SCD. However, due to the limited sample size and mostly cross-sectional studies, more studies are needed. The examination of body fluid marker has certain accuracy, but it has not been spread because of its invasive operation. Neuropsychological examination has the advantages of convenience and low cost, which is the focus of current screening methods. At present, a lot of specific screening assessment questionnaire for SCD has been developed, and further reliability and validity tests need to be carried out. At present, interventions for SCD patients are very limited and lack of high-quality studies, which can be divided into three aspects: lifestyle change, cognitive function training and mental health related interventions, and further intervention studies need to be carried out.

Keywords

• |subjective cognitive decline|evaluation|influencing factors|interventions