Guava and Star gooseberry leaf extracts improve growth performance, innate immunity, intestinal microbial community, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila

Manoj Tukaram Kamble; Sage Chaiyapechara; Krishna Rugmini Salin; Phimsucha Bunphimpapha; Balasaheb Ramdas Chavan; Ram Chandra Bhujel; Seema Vijay Medhe; Aikkarach Kettawan; Parunya Thiyajai; Kim D. Thompson; Nopadon Pirarat

Aquaculture Reports (Apr 2024)

Guava and Star gooseberry leaf extracts improve growth performance, innate immunity, intestinal microbial community, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila

Manoj Tukaram Kamble,
Sage Chaiyapechara,
Krishna Rugmini Salin,
Phimsucha Bunphimpapha,
Balasaheb Ramdas Chavan,
Ram Chandra Bhujel,
Seema Vijay Medhe,
Aikkarach Kettawan,
Parunya Thiyajai,
Kim D. Thompson,
Nopadon Pirarat

Affiliations

Manoj Tukaram Kamble: Aquaculture and Aquatic Resource Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Sage Chaiyapechara: Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand
Krishna Rugmini Salin: Aquaculture and Aquatic Resource Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Corresponding authors.
Phimsucha Bunphimpapha: Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand
Balasaheb Ramdas Chavan: Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri 415 629, India
Ram Chandra Bhujel: Aquaculture and Aquatic Resource Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Seema Vijay Medhe: Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Aikkarach Kettawan: Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Parunya Thiyajai: Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Kim D. Thompson: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
Nopadon Pirarat: Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Corresponding authors.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 35
p. 101947

Abstract

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The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) and star gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus) leaf extracts and their effects as dietary supplements on the growth performance, intestinal (hindgut) microflora composition, immuno-hematological parameters, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Three hundred and sixty Nile tilapia (8.9 ± 0.2 g/fish) were randomly distributed into twelve aquaria (30 fish per aquarium) within a recirculation system. The fish were fed diets supplemented with leaf extracts of guava (GLE), star gooseberry (SGLE), or a mixture of GLE and SGLE (MxLE) at 10 g/kg feed for a duration of 12 weeks, after which their growth performance and intestinal microbial composition were determined. A bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila was performed, and the immune-hematological parameters of the fish and their relative percentage survival (RPS) were determined. Results showed that gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were present in the GLE, SGLE, and MxLE extracts. The GLE and MxLE extracts had significantly higher antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila than the SGLE. Growth and feed utilization were significantly improved in Nile tilapia after dietary supplementation with all the plant extracts. The intestinal microbial composition of the plant extract groups differed significantly and marginally from the control group. Notably, the post-challenge immune and hematological parameters were considerably enhanced. Furthermore, the RPS of tilapia was significantly higher in diets supplemented with GLE, SGLE, and MxLE extracts compared to the control. These results demonstrated that supplementing the tilapia diets with GLE, SGLE, and MxLE extracts could improve their growth and feed utilization, immuno-hematological response, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila. These plant extracts could also change the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Hence, GLE, SGLE, and MxLE extracts appear to be effective prophylactic and antimicrobial agents for use in Nile tilapia aquaculture.

Published in Aquaculture Reports

ISSN: 2352-5134 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Agriculture: Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/aquaculture-reports/

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