Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Molecular Properties of Three Nitro-Substituted Chalcones

Abstract

Three functionalized chalcones containing combinations of nitro functional groups have been synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 2-nitroacetophenone and nitrobenzaldehyde, and the crystal structures obtained ((E)-1,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1a, (E)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1b and (E)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1c), C15H10N2O5, are reported. Compounds 1a and 1c crystallized in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group P1¯, whereas compound 1b crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. The X-ray analysis reveals that structures 1a and 1b exhibits s-trans conformation, whereas structure 1c exists in s-cis conformation, concerning the olefinic double bonds. In addition, the results show that the position of the nitro substituent attached to the aromatic B-ring has a direct effect on the molecular coplanarity of these compounds. The Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the non-covalent π-π stacking interactions are the most important contributors for the crystal packing of 1a and 1b. In 1c, the crystal packing is mainly stabilized by weak intermolecular C―H···O interactions due to the planar nature of the molecule.

Keywords

• nitro chalcone
• crystal structure
• Hirshfeld surface
• NMR-spectroscopy