Flame-Made La₂O₃-Based Nanocomposite CO₂ Sensors as Perspective Part of GHG Monitoring System

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of greenhouse gases with high spatio-temporal resolution has lately become an urgent task because of tightening environmental restrictions. It may be addressed with an economically efficient solution, based on semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors. In the present work, CO2 detection in the relevant concentration range and ambient conditions was successfully effectuated by fine-particulate La2O3-based materials. Flame spray pyrolysis technique was used for the synthesis of sensitive materials, which were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) and low temperature nitrogen adsorption coupled with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) effective surface area calculation methodology. The obtained materials represent a composite of lanthanum oxide, hydroxide and carbonate phases. The positive correlation has been established between the carbonate content in the as prepared materials and their sensor response towards CO2. Small dimensional planar MEMS micro-hotplates with low energy consumption were used for gas sensor fabrication through inkjet printing. The sensors showed highly selective CO2 detection in the range of 200–6667 ppm in humid air compared with pollutant gases (H2 50 ppm, CH4 100 ppm, NO2 1 ppm, NO 1 ppm, NH3 20 ppm, H2S 1 ppm, SO2 1 ppm), typical for the atmospheric air of urbanized and industrial area.

Keywords

• greenhouse gases
• CO₂
• gas sensor
• semiconductor
• lanthanum oxide
• nanocomposite