Zoning when justifying the probability of demand for land drainage and methods for reducing pollution of drainage runoff

Abstract

Purpose: to develop mechanisms for territory zoning according to demand for land drainage and the volume of substances leaching with drainage runoff and to identify the methods for reducing the pollution of drainage runoff. All calculations are made using the example of macrozonal zoning of drainage when growing strategically important crops: spring wheat and potatoes – using the example of the European part of Russia. Materials and methods. The justification for drainage was carried out using the bioclimatic method of V. V. Shabanov. A dimensional analysis technique and laboratory experiments on leaching soil monoliths for determining the main factors influencing the leaching of substances from soil were used. Results. A justification of reclamation measures (drainage) for regions and districts of the Russian Federation was carried out using the example of grains and potatoes. The main water protection measures reducing the polluting impact on water intakes from drainage runoff include: the creation of biological engineering structures; passive measures – precise reclamation aimed at managing the conditions for the drainage runoff formation, taking into account soil heterogeneity based on the zoning of drainage and the volume of nutrient leaching from drained lands. Conclusions. The European part of Russia has been zoned based on demand for drainage. A low degree of demand for land drainage when growing spring wheat was noted on approximately 40 % of the area and high degree was noted on 50 %. When growing potatoes, these areas account for 20 and 50 % of the area, respectively. The influence of factors on the drainage runoff formation and the volume of substance leaching was revealed. Water protection measures are proposed: construction of biological engineering structures and carrying out precise reclamation as a way to control the water regime of soils.

Keywords

• drainage
• drainage runoff
• territory zoning
• probability of demand for drainage
• drainage runoff pollution
• drainage runoff formation
• bioengineering structures