A Comprehensive “Real-World Constraints”-Aware Requirements Engineering Related Assessment and a Critical State-of-the-Art Review of the Monitoring of Humans in Bed

Abstract

Currently, abnormality detection and/or prediction is a very hot topic. In this paper, we addressed it in the frame of activity monitoring of a human in bed. This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of a requirements engineering dossier for a monitoring system of a “human in bed” for abnormal behavior detection and forecasting. Hereby, practical and real-world constraints and concerns were identified and taken into consideration in the requirements dossier. A comprehensive and holistic discussion of the anomaly concept was extensively conducted and contributed to laying the ground for a realistic specifications book of the anomaly detection system. Some systems engineering relevant issues were also briefly addressed, e.g., verification and validation. A structured critical review of the relevant literature led to identifying four major approaches of interest. These four approaches were evaluated from the perspective of the requirements dossier. It was thereby clearly demonstrated that the approach integrating graph networks and advanced deep-learning schemes (Graph-DL) is the one capable of fully fulfilling the challenging issues expressed in the real-world conditions aware specification book. Nevertheless, to meet immediate market needs, systems based on advanced statistical methods, after a series of adaptations, already ensure and satisfy the important requirements related to, e.g., low cost, solid data security and a fully embedded and self-sufficient implementation. To conclude, some recommendations regarding system architecture and overall systems engineering were formulated.

Keywords

• activity monitoring of “humans in bed”
• abnormal behavior detection and forecasting
• comprehensive anomaly concept definition
• explainability and interpretability of detected anomalies
• uncertainty modeling
• early warning capability