The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (Jan 2024)
The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 80 Month Catalog and Source Properties of the High-energy Emitting Active Galactic Nucleus and Quasar Population
- Claire L. Greenwell,
- Lizelke Klindt,
- George B. Lansbury,
- David J. Rosario,
- David M. Alexander,
- James Aird,
- Daniel Stern,
- Karl Forster,
- Michael J. Koss,
- Franz E. Bauer,
- Claudio Ricci,
- John Tomsick,
- William N. Brandt,
- Thomas Connor,
- Peter G. Boorman,
- Adlyka Annuar,
- David R. Ballantyne,
- Chien-Ting Chen,
- Francesca Civano,
- Andrea Comastri,
- Victoria A. Fawcett,
- Francesca M. Fornasini,
- Poshak Gandhi,
- Fiona Harrison,
- Marianne Heida,
- Ryan Hickox,
- Elias S. Kammoun,
- Lauranne Lanz,
- Stefano Marchesi,
- Gaël Noirot,
- Encarni Romero-Colmenero,
- Ezequiel Treister,
- C. Megan Urry,
- Petri Väisänen,
- Brian van Soelen
Affiliations
- Claire L. Greenwell
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham, DH1 3LE, UK ; [email protected]
- Lizelke Klindt
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham, DH1 3LE, UK ; [email protected]
- George B. Lansbury
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- David J. Rosario
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham, DH1 3LE, UK ; [email protected]; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Herschel Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- David M. Alexander
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham, DH1 3LE, UK ; [email protected]
- James Aird
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK; School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester , University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RJ, UK
- Daniel Stern
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 169-221, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Karl Forster
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Michael J. Koss
- ORCiD
- Eureka Scientific , 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USA; Space Science Institute , 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Franz E. Bauer
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astroingeniería , Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Of 104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Claudio Ricci
- Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- John Tomsick
- ORCiD
- Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA
- William N. Brandt
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Thomas Connor
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 169-221, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Peter G. Boorman
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Boc̆ní’ II 1401, CZ-14131 Prague, Czech Republic
- Adlyka Annuar
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- David R. Ballantyne
- ORCiD
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology , 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA
- Chien-Ting Chen
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA; Astrophysics Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , ZP12, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Francesca Civano
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Andrea Comastri
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti, 93/3, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Victoria A. Fawcett
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Herschel Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Francesca M. Fornasini
- ORCiD
- Stonehill College , 320 Washington Street, Easton, MA 02357, USA; Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Poshak Gandhi
- ORCiD
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Fiona Harrison
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Marianne Heida
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Ryan Hickox
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Elias S. Kammoun
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre , via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy; IRAP, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, CNES 9, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
- Lauranne Lanz
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey , 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
- Stefano Marchesi
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti, 93/3, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA) Augusto Righi, Università di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Gaël Noirot
- Institute for Computational Astrophysics and Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary’s University , 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
- Encarni Romero-Colmenero
- ORCiD
- South African Astronomical Observatory , PO Box 9, Observatory, South Africa; Southern African Large Telescope , PO Box 9, Observatory, South Africa
- Ezequiel Treister
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
- C. Megan Urry
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics , PO Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8120, USA
- Petri Väisänen
- ORCiD
- South African Astronomical Observatory , PO Box 9, Observatory, South Africa; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Brian van Soelen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State , 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad4a71
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 273,
no. 2
p. 20
Abstract
We present a catalog of hard X-ray serendipitous sources detected in the first 80 months of observations by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The NuSTAR serendipitous survey 80 month (NSS80) catalog has an unprecedented ∼62 Ms of effective exposure time over 894 unique fields (a factor of 3 increase over the 40 month catalog, NSS40), with an areal coverage of ∼36 deg ^2 , larger than all NuSTAR extragalactic surveys. NSS80 provides 1274 hard X-ray sources in the 3−24 keV band (822 new detections compared to the previous NSS40). Approximately 76% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift-XRT. We have undertaken an extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up to obtain new source redshifts and classifications for 427 sources. Combining these with existing archival spectroscopy provides redshifts for 550 NSS80 sources, of which 547 are classified. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift ( z = 0.012–3.43), but also includes 58 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. In addition, five AGN–galaxy pairs, one dual AGN system, one BL Lac candidate, and a hotspot of 4C 74.26 (radio quasar) have been identified. The median rest-frame 10−40 keV luminosity and redshift of NSS80 are 〈 L _10−40 keV 〉 = 1.2 × 10 ^44 erg s ^−1 and 〈 z 〉 = 0.56. We investigate the optical properties and construct composite optical spectra to search for subtle signatures not present in the individual spectra, finding an excess of redder BL AGNs compared to optical quasar surveys, predominantly due to the presence of the host galaxy and, at least in part, due to dust obscuration.
Keywords
