Nature Communications (Oct 2023)

Viral kinetics of sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections

  • Stephen M. Kissler,
  • James A. Hay,
  • Joseph R. Fauver,
  • Christina Mack,
  • Caroline G. Tai,
  • Deverick J. Anderson,
  • David D. Ho,
  • Nathan D. Grubaugh,
  • Yonatan H. Grad

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41941-z
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 1
pp. 1 – 7

Abstract

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Abstract The impact of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on the progression of subsequent infections has been unclear. Using a convenience sample of 94,812 longitudinal RT-qPCR measurements from anterior nares and oropharyngeal swabs, we identified 71 individuals with two well-sampled SARS-CoV-2 infections between March 11th, 2020, and July 28th, 2022. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics of first vs. second infections in this group, adjusting for viral variant, vaccination status, and age. Relative to first infections, second infections usually featured a faster clearance time. Furthermore, a person’s relative (rank-order) viral clearance time, compared to others infected with the same variant, was roughly conserved across first and second infections, so that individuals who had a relatively fast clearance time in their first infection also tended to have a relatively fast clearance time in their second infection (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.30, 95% credible interval (0.12, 0.46)). These findings provide evidence that, like vaccination, immunity from a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection shortens the duration of subsequent acute SARS-CoV-2 infections principally by reducing viral clearance time. Additionally, there appears to be an inherent element of the immune response, or some other host factor, that shapes a person’s relative ability to clear SARS-CoV-2 infection that persists across sequential infections.