PeerJ (Jan 2020)

Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia

  • Rhesi Kristiana,
  • Gilles Bedoux,
  • Gerard Pals,
  • I. Wayan Mudianta,
  • Laure Taupin,
  • Christel Marty,
  • Meezan Ardhanu Asagabaldan,
  • Diah Ayuningrum,
  • Agus Trianto,
  • Nathalie Bourgougnon,
  • Ocky Karna Radjasa,
  • Agus Sabdono,
  • Muhammad Hanafi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8093
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8
p. e8093

Abstract

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The aims of this work are to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activities of bio compounds. A total of 15 species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated two active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating extracelullar compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500–1,000 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strain KJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, whereas the strain NP31-01 isolated from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of Pseudoalteromonas rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5–1,000 µg/ml. No anti HSV-1 was observed for both isolated bacteria. This is the first study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra and V. salarius, had potential anti-MRSA activity. However, only extracts from Pseudoalteromonas rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant.

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