ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE RATE OF COLORECTAL CANCER AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE SUMY REGION

Abstract

Introduction. Before the middle of the 20th century, colorectal cancer (CRC) was a fairly rare disease. A significant increase in the prevalence of this pathology began after this period and was accompanied by a doubling of indicators in each subsequent decade. By 2030, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% or more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths. This situation is due to the development of countries with transitional economies, to which Ukraine also belongs. Purpose. To analyze the incidence rate of colorectal cancer among residents of the Sumy region during 2009–2018. Materials and methods. The primary statistical material was the data of the regional cancer registry and the journals of the results of biopsies of the pathological department of the Sumy regional clinical oncological dispensary. To identify trends in the development of colorectal cancer among residents of the Sumy region, the analysis of mean values ​​was used, to assess the spread we used the standard deviation. Results. The average incidence rate of CRC among residents of the Sumy region in the period from 2009 to 2018 was 23.02 per 100,000 people. At the same time, if we consider this value for individual pathologies, the indicator for patients with colon cancer was 22.76 cases, rectal cancer – 23.28 cases per 100 thousand people, which is 7.4% and 27%, respectively, more than the average morbidity in Ukraine. Colon cancer is more common among women, whose average age is 60.7 years, while rectal cancer is more common among men. Their average age is 66. In general, colon cancer occurs most often in people over 70 years of age (42.5% of all cases). It should be noted that over the past 10 years, 2 patients of the age group 20–29 had been identified, with rectal cancer and 5 patients with colon cancer. The analysis also revealed that the likelihood of colon cancer among the inhabitants of the region is 1.18 times higher than that of rectal cancer. In terms of prevalence, the districts of the Sumy region were divided as follows: Sumy, Belopolskyi and Konotopskyi districts had a high prevalence of colon cancer (20.01 ‰ and more). Sumy, Burinsky and Lebedinsky districts had high prevalence of rectal cancer (24.01 ‰ and more). The average prevalence of colon cancer is 20.10 ± 1.55 ‰, the coefficient of variation is 7.73%, the direct one is 22.24 ± 1.89 ‰, and the coefficient of variation is 8.48%. There is no clear trend in the dynamics of indicators (decrease or increase); the variation in indicators over 10 years is insignificant (less than 10%). Conclusions. The general patterns of the incidence rate of colon and rectal cancer among the population of the Sumy region were found and compared with similar Ukrainian and global trends and forecasts. It was found that the average incidence rate of colon and rectal cancer among residents of the Sumy region is higher than the average incidence in Ukraine. At the same time the tendency to prevalence of a rectum cancer over a colon cancer remains. The age structure for both localizations does not differ from the national and global trends, but a peculiarity in the gender distribution of patients was revealed. Total number of colon and rectal cancer is 1.37% higher among women, which requires further research. General pattern in the geographical distribution of both pathologies was not found during the analysis. In total, despite the global prognosis, data analysis over the past 10 years did not reveal a clear trend towards an increase in the number of patients with colorectal cancer among the residents of the region.

Keywords

• colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, incidence rate, prevalence