Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal (Jun 2020)
Prevalence and intensity study of dental caries in children with bronchial asthma
Abstract
Aim. To study the prevalence and intensity rates of dental caries in children with bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. The examination of patients was carried out in the Allergological Department of the Communal Non-Profit Enterprise “City Children Hospital No. 5” in Zaporizhzhia. The study of the carious process prevalence included 158 children with bronchial asthma (50 girls, 108 boys), aged between 3 and 17 years. The study on the caries intensity included 148 children with bronchial asthma (47 girls, 101 boys), aged between 3 and 17 years, who had more than 1 caries cavity. These children were divided into three groups according to the indices of carious process intensity: DMF (permanent dentition, 79 children (20 girls, 59 boys) aged between 10 and 17 years), DMF + df (mixed dentition, 59 children (21 girls, 38 boys) aged between 5 and 14 years), df (primary dentition, 10 children (6 girls, 4 boys) aged between 3 and 6 years), where D means decayed permanent teeth, M – missing permanent teeth, F – filled permanent teeth; d means decayed primary teeth, f – filled primary teeth. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to sex. The control group included 20 non-asthmatic children (7 girls, 13 boys) aged between 5 and 10 years with carious lesions in teeth. The results were processed using the Statistica® for Windows 13.0 (StatSoft Inc., № JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). The data on the carious process intensity were checked for normal distribution according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the distribution was different from normal (P < 0.05), the data were presented as the median and lower and upper quartiles Me (Q25; Q75), and the differences were considered statistically significant at a P level of < 0.05. Results. The prevalence of caries in children with bronchial asthma was 95.5 % indicating mass disease. In the group of children with a permanent dentition, the carious process of a high intensity was revealed with the DMF index equal to 6 (4; 8) min 1, max 16, while 75 % of the children had a subcompensated and 25 % had a compensated dental caries. In the studied group, the carious process intensity was significantly higher in boys: 6.0 (4.5; 8.0) versus 5 (4; 8), which testified to sex differences in the pathological process of the oral cavity. In the group of children with mixed dentition, the DMF + df index was equal to 7 (4; 10) min 1, max 14, and indicated the carious process of a very high intensity and in this case, 25 % of children had a compensated form of the carious process, 25 % of children – subcompensated and 50 % – decompensated form. When comparing the subgroups of girls and boys, age- and sex-related differences in the DMF + df index were not observed. The df index for the examined patients with a temporary dentition was equal to 4 (2; 4) min 1, max 12. When comparing the intensity of the carious process in the groups according to the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was observed (H = 9.08, P = 0.0107). In the period of a mixed dentition, the intensity of the carious process was higher in children with bronchial asthma than in somatically healthy children and amounted to 7 (4; 10) min 1, max 14) versus 6.0 (3.5; 8.0) min 1, max 10 (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The study conducted for the state of dental hard tissues has proven the high prevalence and intensity of the carious process in children with bronchial asthma. In addition, the data obtained have enabled us to determine the presence of sex-specific characteristics and differences in the reported indicators in adolescents. This motivates us to study the dental health issues in children with bronchial asthma in the anamnesis and to develop specific programs for the prevention of dental
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