Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications

Quan-Chang Tan; Xia-Shu Jiang; Lei Chen; Jin-Feng Huang; Qiu-Xia Zhou; Jing Wang; Yan Zhao; Bo Zhang; Ya-Ni Sun; Min Wei; Xiong Zhao; Zhao Yang; Wei Lei; Yu-Fei Tang; Zi-Xiang Wu

Materials Today Bio (Feb 2023)

Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications

Quan-Chang Tan,
Xia-Shu Jiang,
Lei Chen,
Jin-Feng Huang,
Qiu-Xia Zhou,
Jing Wang,
Yan Zhao,
Bo Zhang,
Ya-Ni Sun,
Min Wei,
Xiong Zhao,
Zhao Yang,
Wei Lei,
Yu-Fei Tang,
Zi-Xiang Wu

Affiliations

Quan-Chang Tan: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Malujie Road No. 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
Xia-Shu Jiang: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Lei Chen: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Jin-Feng Huang: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Qiu-Xia Zhou: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Jing Wang: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Yan Zhao: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Bo Zhang: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Ya-Ni Sun: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Min Wei: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Xiong Zhao: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Zhao Yang: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
Wei Lei: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China.
Yu-Fei Tang: School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710048, PR China.
Zi-Xiang Wu: Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Changlexi Road No. 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 18
p. 100500

Abstract

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (PBC) is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. However, polymerization volumetric shrinkage, exothermic injury, and low bioactivity prevent PBC from being an ideal material. The developed expandable P(MMA-AA-St) well overcomes the volumetric shrinkage of PBC. However, its biomechanical properties are unsatisfactory. Herein, graphene oxide (GO), a hydrophilic material with favourable biomechanics and osteogenic capability, was added to P(MMA-AA-St) to optimize its biomechanics and bioactivity. The GO-modified self-expandable P(MMA-AA-St)-GO nanocomposite (PGBCs) exhibited outstanding compressive strength (>70 MPa), water absorption, and volume expansion, as well as a longer handling time and a reduced setting temperature. The cytocompatibility of PGBCs was superior to that of PBC, as demonstrated by CCK-8 assay, live-dead cell staining, and flow cytometry. In addition, better osteoblast attachment was observed, which could be attributed to the effects of GO. The improved level of osteogenic gene and protein expression further illustrated the improved cell-material interactions between osteoblasts and PGBCs. The results of an in vivo study performed by filling bone defects in the femoral condyles of rabbits with PGBCs demonstrated promising intraoperative handling properties and convenient implantation. Blood testing and histological staining demonstrated satisfactory in vivo biosafety. Furthermore, bone morphological and microarchitecture analyses using bone tissue staining and micro-CT scanning revealed better bone-PGBCs contact and osteogenic capability. The results of this study indicate that GO modification improved the physiochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic capability of P(MMA-AA-St) and overcame the drawbacks of PBC, allowing its material derivatives to serve as effective implantable biomaterials.

Published in Materials Today Bio

ISSN: 2590-0064 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Medicine: Medicine (General); Science: Biology (General)
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-bio

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