Inhibitive Effects of Recent Exceeding Air Temperature Optima of Vegetation Productivity and Increasing Water Limitation on Photosynthesis Reversed Global Greening

Abstract

Abstract Global terrestrial vegetation dynamics have been rapidly altered by climate change. A widespread vegetation greenness over a large part of the planet from the 1980s to early this century has been reported, whereas weakening of CO2 fertilization effects and increasing climate extremes and the adverse impact of increasing rate of warming and severity of drought on vegetation growth were also reported. Earth system models project that the land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an increase in warming during this century. How global vegetation is changing during this century in response to global warming and water availability across spatial and temporal scales remains uncertain. Our understanding of the widespread vegetation greening or browning processes and identifying the biogeochemical mechanisms remain incomplete. Here we use multiple long‐term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records to investigate vegetation growth trends from 1982 to 2018. We find that the widespread increase of growing‐season integrated LAI (greening) since 1980s was reversed (p‐value 45°N). Overall, the reversal of greening trend since 2000 weakened the negative feedback of carbon sequestration on the climatic system and should be considered in the strategies for climate warming mitigation and adaptation. Our findings of the diversity of processes that drive browning across bioclimatic‐zones and ecosystems and of how those driving processes are changing would enhance our ability to project global future vegetation change and its climatic and abiotic consequences.

Keywords

• global warming
• vegetation growth
• reversal of greening trend
• optimum temperature for photosynthesis
• water limitation
• atmospheric vapor pressure deficit