Prevalence and Comorbidities of Somatoform Disorders in a Rural California Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the prevalence and comorbidities of somatoform disorders in a rural setting with a diverse ethnic population. Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted of active psychiatric outpatients in a clinic located in a rural community. Data abstracted included demographic variables, multi-axial diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR), length of treatment, psychotropic medications, and number of medications discontinued because of side effects. Improvement in level of function with treatment was measured by change in global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores. Results: Of 737 records reviewed, 37 (5%) contained a diagnosis of somatoform disorder. The most common comorbidities in the somatoform group were depression ( P < .01), hypertension ( P < .01), and arthritis ( P < .05). The somatoform group was significantly more likely to have a chronic medical illness ( P < .01) and history of surgeries ( P < .05). The somatoform group patients’ ΔGAF was one fourth the ΔGAF scores in all other psychiatric outpatients (1.41 vs 6.79, P < .01). The somatoform group changed medications more often because of side effects (1.35 times vs 0.71 times, P < .01), received a greater number of psychotropic medications (2.05 vs 1.62, P < .05), and was more likely to be taking an antidepressant ( P < .05) than the nonsomatoform group. Conclusion: Somatoform disorder patients had a higher prevalence of depression, chronic medical conditions, and surgeries. They responded less favorably to treatment when compared to patients without a somatoform disorder, and manifested a decreased tolerance to medication side effects. Female gender, fewer years of education, and Latino ethnicity did not increase the probability of having a somatoform disorder.