Couplage de données et méthodes, une approche méthodologique originale de modélisation de la trame noire

Abstract

While anthropogenic impacts on urban and peri-urban biodiversity have been studied for at least fifty years, the effects of artificial lighting pollution on nocturnal biodiversity through public policies has been less explored. This article presents a map of lit surfaces in the Brest metropolitan area, based on public lighting management data, and its cross-referencing with land-use data to build a dark frame model. Mapping is first generated by combining a typology of photometric distributions with luminous flux values. Then, the model is built by calculating gridded biodiversity indices (deductive method) and landscape graphs (integrative method), tested on a bat species. A correction factor is incorporated to enable the model to be refined by field measurements. The results obtained show that the mapping is consistent with field observations and that the representation of illumination values is coherent. The dark frame model obtained reinforces pre-existing knowledge. The model is sufficiently accurate to identify potential wildlife hotspots and provide decision-making tools for land-use planning.

Keywords

• GIS
• night
• pollution
• urban ecology
• modeling