Genome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling

Abstract

Yosef Tsegaye Dabi,1,2 Sisay Teka Degechisa1,3 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Email [email protected]: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.Keywords: monogenic diabetes, MODY, NDM, genome editing, pluripotent stem cell

Keywords

• monogenic diabetes
• mody
• ndm
• genome editing
• pluripotent stem cell