Cytokine net role in mechanisms of neuroimmune interaction (literature review)

Abstract

This work deals with the literature review on the problems associated with the progress of the national and foreign authors in studying the role of the cytokine net in the pathogenetic mechanisms of forming the diseases of the nervous system. Studying the peculiarities in the functions of a number of the immune system indices as the targets of the combined exposure to the production and other factors are known to be the actual aspect of the works analyzed in the recent years. A special attention in the literature studied is paid to the intersystem interactions between the nervous and the immune systems and. the immune systems and. the value of their homeostasis. The literature deals with the causes of the injuries and/or the cellular death of the nervous system and, as the consequence, the function changes of other organism systems and the production of their activity products. The change regularities in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12) in the diseases of different etiology including those which were stipulated by the factors of the production environment and other factors on the example of the multiple sclerosis as the neurodegenerative disease are represented in this paper. The possibilities of the disease objectify of the nervous system and the determination of their process severity in the clinical praxis based on the immunological indices and the patient complaints are given in this work. The studies testifying the different mechanisms of the autoimmune response realization in exposure to the neuro toxicant of different etiology are represented in this paper as well as the direct correlation between the antibody content to the proteins of the nervous tissue and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines has been revealed. At the same time, the common morpho-functional regularities of the changes in the central nervous system of the albino rats in the post-contact period as a result of the exposure to the metallic mercury vapors and. sublimate including the persons examined working at the production were indicated. In the conclusion. the important actuality role of the molecular-genetic studies dealing with the gene polymorphism of the cytokine net in the ethiopathogenesis of the autoimmune disease and. the problems of the early diagnostics of the neurodegenerative disorders in the employees exposed to the neurotoxicants of different chemical nature is indicated.

Keywords

• cytokines
• the nervous system
• the immune system