Наука и техника (Aug 2015)
SIMULATION OF FIRE DYNAMICS WITH VARIOUS GROWTH RATE IN PREMISES WITH NATURAL VENTILATION
Abstract
Computer simulation of the initial fire stage dynamics with various growth rate have been carried out with the help of FDS software. In case of a quick fire 1055 kW heat liberation has been reached in accordance with quadratic law within 100 seconds, averagely within 250 seconds and within 500 seconds when the fire rate is slow. Source of fire has been located on the floor and at the height of 2 m. A doorway of 0.8×2.0 m size and two 0.8×0.1 m openings have been used as ventilation holes. One opening has been located at the bottom over the floor and the other one has been positioned under the ceiling. It has been established that in the process of their development fires change their character in the following way: at the initial stage they are controlled by inflammable materials and then the fires are controlled by oxygen. At the first stage heat liberation is changed in accordance with the same law which is used for mass rate of an inflammable material and flame combustion is observed only in the field of the fire source. At the second stage heat liberation dynamics has a form of pulsations which are irregular in amplitude and duration and the dynamics becomes dependable on ventilation conditions. At this stage flame combustion in the source zone and/or self-ignition in the smoke layer provide a corresponding contribution in fire heat liberation.It has been determined that two layers have been formed in case of a fire in the premises with ventilation in the spatial distribution of temperature and air fumigation. These top and bottom layers are practically uniform and they are characterized by irregular pulsations of the parameters which are due to smoke self-ignition occurrence. The paper shows relationship of these distributions with spatial distribution of air pressure changes in the premises during a fire. A significant dependence of heat liberation dynamics on fire source location height is observed at all fire growth rates. An increase in fire source location height above floor level exerts the most significant influence on heat liberation dynamics when ventilation occurs through a doorway and a top opening. Duration of the fire stage when flame combustion occurs in the source zone is reduced and duration of the stage when self-ignition takes place in the smoke layer is increased. In such a case heat liberation pulsation amplitudes, black-out values and air temperature in the bottom smoke zone where the self-ignition occurs are increasing and the rates of smoke layer and heated air sinking are slowing down.
