Energy storage and relaxor behavior in (PbBa)[(ZnNb)Ti]O3 ferroelectric ceramic

Abstract

(Pb[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text])[(Zn[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]]O3 relaxor-type ferroelectric ceramics was obtained via classical solid-state reaction. The hysteresis loop results were discussed in the frame of ergodicity criterium around the characteristic ferroelectric relaxor freezing temperature. Slimer hysteresis loops were observed below the freezing temperature reflecting an ergodic relaxor behavior. Above this temperature, estimated around 223[Formula: see text]K for the studied system, larger and unsaturated like ferroelectric hysteresis loops were observed. This temperature also coincides with the slope change on maximum polarization and inflection point of remnant polarization curves. Energy storage, energy loss and efficiency values were determined in a wide temperature range. While the recoverable energy density shows relatively low values (0.23[Formula: see text]J/cm3), there are interesting behaviors for this parameter and for the efficiency, since the two physical quantities increase versus temperature and the efficiency even reaches the value of 97%.

Keywords

• Relaxors
• ferroelectrics
• energy storage
• freezing temperature