Interplay between septins and ubiquitin-mediated xenophagy during Shigella entrapment

Abstract

Septins are cytoskeletal proteins implicated in numerous cellular processes including cytokinesis and morphogenesis. In the case of infection by Shigella flexneri, septins assemble into cage-like structures that entrap cytosolic bacteria targeted by autophagy. The interplay between septin cage entrapment and bacterial autophagy is poorly understood. We used a correlative light and cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) pipeline to study septin cage entrapment of Shigella in its near-native state. Septin cages could be identified as X-ray dense structures, indicating they contain host cell proteins and lipids consistent with their autophagy links. Airyscan confocal microscopy of Shigella-septin cages showed that septins and lysine 63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains are present in separate bacterial microdomains, suggesting they are recruited separately. Finally, Cryo-SXT and live-cell imaging revealed an interaction between septins and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B)-positive membranes during autophagy of Shigella. Collectively our data present a new model for how septin-caged Shigella are targeted to autophagy.

Keywords

• autophagy
• cryo-sxt
• cytoskeleton
• septins
• shigella
• ubiquitin