Bone Mineral Density, C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen, and Osteocalcin as Monitoring Parameters of Bone Remodeling in CML Patients Undergoing Imatinib Therapy: A Basic Science and Clinical Review

Abstract

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most commonly found types of myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by increased proliferation of granulocytic cells without losing their differentiation ability. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), can be effectively used as therapy for CML. However, Imatinib can affect bone turnover thus having clinical implications on the bones of CML patients undergoing long-term Imatinib therapy. However, parameters that can accurately describe the bone condition in CML patients receiving Imatinib still need further study. A combination of imaging techniques such as bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover activity markers such as C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) and osteocalcin has the potential to be used as monitoring parameters for bone density abnormalities in CML patients receiving Imatinib. Objectives: This article explains the rationale for using BMD, CTX-1, and osteocalcin as monitoring parameters of bone remodeling in CML patients receiving Imatinib. Results: First, the physiological process of bone turnover will be explained. Then, we describe the role of tyrosine kinase in bone metabolism. Next, the impact of Imatinib on BMD, CTX-1, and osteocalcin will be explained. Conclusion: The assessment of bone health of CML patients on Imatinib should include both BMD tests and bone turnover marker assays such as CTX-1 and osteocalcin.

Keywords

• chronic myeloid leukemia
• bone mineral density
• bone turnover
• tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• CTX-1
• osteocalcin