Stroitel’stvo: Nauka i Obrazovanie (Mar 2024)
Architectural and planning features of the buildings of educational institutions of Yekaterinodar
Abstract
Introduction. The development of architectural and planning solutions of educational institutions of Yekaterinodar (now Krasnodar), built from the end of XIX to the beginning of XX century, is considered. Two objects — the Alexander Real School and the Mariinsky Women’s Institute — are studied. The development of the architectural and planning structure of these buildings is interconnected with the development of ideas about function — changes in the attitudes of pedagogical science and peculiarities of the use of premises in the conditions of the educational process. In each institution there was a constant increase in the number of students, however, the evolution of space-planning solutions developed in different ways. The school was completed and supplemented with new buildings located close to the main one. New, more perfect, purpose-designed buildings were regularly erected for the Mariinsky Women’s Institute.Materials and methods. Materials of the State Archive of the Krasnodar territory, scientific articles and monographs, historical photo-documents, periodicals were used. The authors used field survey of the current state of the described objects with photo fixation, methods of abstraction, typological, historical and comparative analysis, systematization and classification.Results. The study of educational institutions in Yekaterinodar integrated the study of their functional-typological, architectural-planning, volumetric-compositional and decorative-stylistic solutions. The presence, location and functional interrelations of groups of main and auxiliary premises, the reasons for changes in the structure and functional composition of groups of premises of educational institutions were determined; the stages and reasons for the emergence, operation, demolition or current form of use of objects were studied.Conclusions. The information from different sources about architectural and planning features of buildings of large educational institutions of Yekaterinodar in their interrelation with the history of the city development were systematized and combined. Changes in the planning structure, stages of architectural modernization and construction history of each individual building in connection with the political situation, social factors, the emergence of new research in the field of hygiene and pedagogy are reflected. The reasons that required the opening of auxiliary classes and schools in Yekaterinodar are identified.
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