Cytomegalovirus Transverse Myelitis Secondary to Influenza Infection and Early Recovery: A Case Report

Abstract

Abstract. Immunosuppression can lead to opportunistic infections in a host. The evidence of viral infections causing immunosuppression in a host for a transient period is gaining attention. In order to prolong their stay in the human body, viruses affect the human immune system in various ways. Common viral infections such as influenza can lead to transient lymphocytopenia, which lays the groundwork for more dangerous opportunistic infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a rare cause of inflammatory myelopathy. We present the case of a patient with an influenza infection who progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia, and idiopathic lymphocytopenia with a CD4 count of 61 per μL on arrival. After 2 weeks, the patient developed complete flaccid paralysis with sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Because his polymerase chain reaction results of cerebrospinal fluid and blood test were positive for CMV infection, he was treated with high doses of steroids and ganciclovir intravenously. Due to early diagnosis and intervention, the patient was able to recover in 2 months with only minimal residual weakness. Thus, this case stresses on the importance of looking out for opportunistic infections in patients affected by severe viral infections for their early recovery.