Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotic therapy of chronic gastroduodenitis in children

Abstract

Background. Chronic gastroduodenitis in children and adolescents is currently the most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) have unique properties that can be responsible for certain immunological, metabolic and antimicrobial effects, which are extremely important for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sto­mach and duodenum. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the comprehensive treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis in children by examining the factors initiating the chronic inflammatory process. Materials and methods. Forty-three children with chronic gastroduodenitis aged 10–14 years were examined, of which 2 comparison groups were formed. The main group (n = 25) included patients for the treatment of which, along with traditional therapy, a probiotic preparation Lactiale GG was used at a dose of 5 drops containing 5 · 109 lyophilized viable LGG bacteria (ATCC 53103). The control group (n = 18) was represented by patients who received only traditional therapy. The duration of treatment with Lactiale GG probiotic was 14 days. To prove the efficacy and safety of LGG, the expression level of TLR4, NLRC1/NOD1 mRNA was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The production activity of NF-κB CD40+ cells was investigated using monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. Results. In the main group before treatment, the expression level of TLR4 mRNA was 3.23 ± 0.15 RU ΔmRNA TLR4/RNA actin, after 14 days of treatment, it was 3.15 ± 0.13 RU ΔmRNA TLR4/RNA actin, p > 0.05. In the control group, the expression level of TLR4 mRNA before treatment was 3.19 ± 0.14 RU ΔmRNA TLR4/RNA actin, after 14 days of treatment — 3.07 ± 0.08 RU ΔmRNA TLR4/RNA actin, p > 0.05. In the main group before treatment, the level of NOD1 gene expression was 1.5 times higher than after treatment, namely, 2.86 ± 0.24 and 1.90 ± 0.06 RU ΔmRNA NOD1/RNA GAPDH, respectively. In the control group, the level of NOD1 gene expression before treatment was 2.72 ± 0.35 RU ΔmRNA NOD1/RNA GAPDH; after treatment, its statistically significant decrease was not observed — 2.57 ± 0.37 RU ΔmRNA NOD1/RNA GAPDH. In the main observation group before treatment, the activity of ­NF-κB lymphocytes was 48.1 ± 3.2 %; after treatment — 30.2 ± 2.3%, p 0.05. Conclusions. The effect of LGG probiotic therapy on expression of TLR4 and NLRC1/NOD1 genes of innate immune system recognition factors in chronic gastroduodenitis in children is characterized by a proven decrease in NLRC1/NOD1 expression followed by deactivation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB-associated signaling pathways.

Keywords

• probiotic therapy
• lactobacillus rhamnosus gg
• chronic gastroduodenitis
• children