Entropy generation analysis for hydromagnetic two-layered pulsatile immiscible flow with Joule heating and first-order chemical reaction

Abstract

The current research deals with the MHD pulsating flow of two immiscible liquid layers with joule heating and first-order chemical reaction. The channel is partitioned into two regions with different fluid widths. The governing flow equations are transformed using a perturbation approach into a system of ODEs. The R-K 4th-order approach is used with the shooting technique to solve the resulting ODEs. The effect of several emerging parameters on flow characteristics is depicted graphically and explained. The impact of liquid widths on velocity distribution, temperature and concentration are also presented for the cases: (i) when kerosene dominates the fluid flow, (ii) when water dominates the fluid flow, (iii) when both fluids occupy equal space in the channel. Moreover, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are calculated at the boundaries of the channel and presented through 3-D graphs. Further, shear stress for both channel walls and mass flux results are presented in tabular form. The outcome predicts that stress at the lower boundary is always greater than at the upper boundary. And, when the rate of heat transfer is measured over time, it has an oscillatory nature and is higher at the lower boundary than at the upper boundary.

Keywords

• MHD flow
• Pulsatile flow
• Brownian motion
• Thermophoresis effect
• Chemical reaction
• Entropy generation